Since the early 1980s, Guinea’s agricultural research and development (R&D) has been marked by contracting expenditures, whereas its human resource capacity has remained more or less unchanged. In 2008, the country employed 229 full-time equivalent (FTE) agricultural researchers, and public agricultural R&D expenditures totaled 3.9 billion Guinean francs or 3.2 million PPP dollars (both in constant 2005 prices), which is well below the levels recorded in the 1980s.
PDF file:
guinea-note.pdf(149.9KB)...
In
Africa,
Guinea,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates,
full-time equivalent (FTE) agricultural researchers,
extension services,
research and development (R&D),
goods and services
Since the early 1980s, Guinea’s agricultural research and development (R&D) has been marked by contracting expenditures, whereas its human resource capacity has remained more or less unchanged. In 2008, the country employed 229 full-time equivalent (FTE) agricultural researchers, and public agricultural R&D expenditures totaled 3.9 billion Guinean francs or 3.2 million PPP dollars (both in constant 2005 prices), which is well below the levels recorded in the 1980s.
PDF file:
guinea-fr-note.pdf(431.8KB)...
In
Français,
Africa,
Guinea,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates,
full-time equivalent (FTE) agricultural researchers,
extension services,
research and development (R&D),
goods and services
After three decades of fluctuating but overall diminishing public agricultural research and development (R&D) spending in Zambia, the downward trend of investment accelerated during 2001–08. In 2008, Zambia spent 20 billion kwacha or 8 million PPP dollars on public agricultural R&D, both in 2005 constant prices, compared with 24 billion kwacha or about 10 million PPP dollars in 2001, and 89 billion kwacha or 37 million PPP in 1991. Unless otherwise stated, all dollar values in this note are expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP) prices.
PDF file:
zambia-note.pdf(160.4KB)...
In
Zambia,
Southern Africa,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Prices,
full-time equivalent (FTE) research staff,
agricultural research and development (R&D),
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
goods and services
Agricultural research and development (R&D) in Sierra Leone virtually ceased in the 1990s due to the ravages of civil war. Several researchers were killed by rebels, research facilities and equipment were destroyed or severely damaged, and many research stations were abandoned as staff took refuge in Freetown (Asenso-Okyere et al. 2009). When peace was finally declared in 2002, Sierra Leone embarked on what will be a long road toward reconstructing its agricultural research infrastructure and capacity. As a result, agricultural R&D spending rose rapidly.
PDF file:
sierra-leone-note.pdf(447.6KB)...
In
Sierra Leone,
full-time equivalent (FTE) researchers,
agricultural research capacity,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Prices,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
research and development (R&D),
goods and services
After a period of steady increases throughout the 1990s, public agricultural research and development (R&D) expenditures in Mauritius began to decline from 2002. In 2008, the country invested 336 million Mauritian rupees or 23 million PPP dollars on agricultural R&D, compared with 456 million rupees or 31 million PPP dollars in 2002 (in 2005 prices), representing a decrease of about 25 percent. Note that, unless otherwise stated, all dollar values in this note are based on PPP exchange rates.
PDF file:
mauritius-note.pdf(165KB)...
In
Mauritius,
purchasing power,
full-time equivalent (FTE) researchers,
Southern Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
research and development (R&D)
After a period of relative stagnation in the 1990s, agricultural research and development (R&D) spending in Ghana increased dramatically after 2002. In 2008, Ghana spent 352 billion cedis or 95 million PPP dollars on agricultural R&D (both in 2005 constant prices) compared with 151 billion cedis or 41 million dollars in 2002. Unless otherwise stated, all investment data in this note are expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP) prices.
PDF file:
ghana-note.pdf(172.8KB)...
In
ghana,
agricultural research and development,
uneven growth,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Prices,
full-time equivalent (FTE) research staff,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID
Since the early 1990s, public agricultural research and development (R&D) spending in Kenya has varied considerably from year to year, while agricultural research capacity showed a more stable trend.1 In 2008, Kenya spent 4.5 billion Kenyan shillings or 154 million PPP dollars (both in 2005 constant prices) on agricultural R&D. Unless otherwise stated, all investment data in this note are expressed in purchasing power parity (PPP) prices.
PDF file:
kenya-note.pdf(165.3KB)...
In
kenya,
East Africa,
agricultural research capacity,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Prices,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
research and development (R&D),
goods and services
The Gambia is one of Africa’s smallest countries, so its agricultural research and development (R&D) capacity and investment levels are understandably low compared with most of its neighbors. The country’s total agricultural R&D investment levels have been erratic over the past two decades due to significant fluctuations in government and donor funding. In 2008, The Gambia invested close to 20 billion dalasis or 2.6 million PPP dollars in agricultural R&D, both in 2005 prices. Unless otherwise stated, all dollar values in this note are based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
PDF file:
gambia-note.pdf(161KB)...
In
Gambia,
full-time equivalent (FTE) research,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates,
research and development (R&D),
goods and services
When Eritrea achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993 after a long war, the country’s economy was in ruins, and public infrastructure and institutions were seriously damaged or destroyed. The new government faced a long process of establishing public-sector organizations to stimulate economic growth and provide basic services. Strengthening national agricultural research and development (R&D) and extension services was high on the list of priorities.
PDF file:
eritrea-note.pdf(152.1KB)...
In
economic growth,
Eritrea,
ERITREA [EAST AFRICA],
public infrastructure,
East Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
extension services,
research and development (R&D)
Before the late 1970s, rural dwellers in Ghana had almost no access to institutional credit for farm and nonfarm activities, and in many rural communities, secure, safe, and convenient savings and payment facilities hardly existed. In response to this situation, the Government of Ghana took several measures to increase access to credit in rural areas, including facilitating the establishment of rural and community banks (RCBs). This brief discusses the history of RCBs, their business model, their services, and their financial performance.
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance
Innovations in Insuring the Poor
PDF...
In
2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment,
2020,
DGO,
Director General's Office,
GRP-4,
rural areas,
Credit,
2020 Focus Brief,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
rural banking,
Financial institutions,
rural and community banks (RCBs),
savings,
ghana,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
Over the past three years, payment strategies for emerging markets have been revolutionized by the advent of a simple cell-phone-based payment service in Kenya called M-PESA (“M” for “mobile” and “pesa” for “money”). From a small-scale pilot program in 2006, M-PESA has become an outstanding success in Kenya; customer response has been unprecedented. Currently, more than 9 million Kenyans use M-PESA to perform tens of millions of transactions every month throughout the country. Although this success has led to new opportunities, it has also brought about many unforeseen challenges.
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance...
In
M-PESA,
Mobile Phone,
safe money transfers,
small-scale pilot programs,
2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment,
2020,
DGO,
Director General's Office,
GRP-4,
rural areas,
2020 Focus Brief,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
rural banking,
kenya,
East Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
I dentity theft is a common crime the world over. In developing countries, the damage caused by identity theft and identity fraud goes far beyond the individual victim, however, and ultimately creates a direct impediment to progress, particularly in credit markets. Recent research reveals that biometric technology can help reduce these problems.
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance
Innovations in Insuring the Poor
PDF file:
focus18_09.pdf(319.4KB)...
In
Malawi,
commodities,
Insurance,
conditional cash transfers,
subsidies,
Biometric technology,
2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment,
2020,
DGO,
Director General's Office,
GRP-4,
rural areas,
Credit,
2020 Focus Brief,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
East Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
Most rural households lack access to reliable and affordable finance for agriculture and other livelihood activities. Many small farmers live in remote areas where retail banking is limited and production risks are high. The recent financial crisis has made the provision of credit even tighter and the need to explore innovative approaches to rural and agricultural finance even more urgent.
Innovations in rural and agriculture finance: Overview
Financial literacy
Community-based financial organizations
Rural banking in Africa...
In
Asia,
Microinsurance,
India,
Innovation,
peru,
South Asia,
South America,
financial crisis,
America,
Poverty reduction,
2020 Focus,
Agricultural innovations -- Developing countries,
agriculture finance,
Rural finance,
Rural households,
Small farmers,
Malawi,
2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture, and the Environment,
2020,
DGO,
Director General's Office,
GRP-4,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
rural banking,
kenya,
East Africa,
ghana,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
Depuis le tournant du millénaire, les dépenses totales consacrées à la recherche-développement (R&D) agricole au Bénin ont progressivement augmenté. En 2008, le pays investissait approximativement 4,7 milliards de francs CFA de 2005, correspondant à 21,6 millions de dollars PPA de 2005. Sauf indication contraire, les valeurs en dollars énoncées dans le présent texte ont été calculées en appliquant les taux de change dits parité de pouvoir d’achat (PPA), qui permettent de mieux refléter le pouvoir d’achat des devises que ne le font les taux de change classiques.
PDF file:
benin-fr-note.pdf(178.9KB)...
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Benin,
National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin (INRA,
purchasing power parity (PPP),
WSET AFRICA,
full-time equivalent (FTE) research staff,
Français,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
KCID,
research and development (R&D)
Since the turn of the millennium, total investments in agricultural research and development (R&D) in Benin have been on the increase. In 2008, the country’s expenditures totaled approximately 4.7 billion CFA francs or 21.6 million PPP dollars (both in constant 2005 prices). Unless otherwise stated, all dollar values in this note are based on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates.
PDF file:
benin-note.pdf(159.3KB)...
In
Benin,
National Agricultural Research Institute of Benin (INRA,
purchasing power parity (PPP),
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
full-time equivalent (FTE) research staff,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI),
ASTI Country Brief,
ASTI,
KCID,
research and development (R&D)
It is now widely accepted that AIDS in not just a health issue. In the recently developed Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, the Malawi people and government designated HIV/AIDS as a crosscutting issue, and the Malawi National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework 2000-2004 calls for “an expanded, multi-sectoral national response to the epidemic.” However the capacity to respond to these calls lags behind. In many sectors, policy making still proceeds as if HIV/AIDS never happened.
PDF file:
renewal_wp1.pdf(238.1KB)...
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is assisting the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR) in facilitating the process of updating Nigeria’s agricultural strategy with inputs from academia, the private sector, and other stakeholders.
PDF file:
nsspworkshopreport16.pdf(420.3KB)...
In
Nigeria,
Strategy,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
NSSP Workshop Report,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
Evidence-based policymaking relies on findings from research and analysis. The availability of information and data is the foundation for sound policy advice, but developing countries lack access to the timely knowledge and data fundamental for drawing reliable conclusions from research. Without a strong information management system, policy arguments are less likely to be effective. Therefore, it’s important to understand the relationship between research findings and decisionmaking.
PDF file:
nssppb21.pdf(358.1KB)...
In
Libraries,
Communications,
agricultural research,
Development Strategy and Governance,
DSGD,
Capacity strengthening,
CD,
NSSP Brief,
Nigeria,
GRP-32,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is assisting the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR) in facilitating the process of updating Nigeria’s agricultural strategy with inputs from academia, the private sector, and other stakeholders.
PDF file:
nsspworkshopreport16.pdf(420.3KB)...
In
Nigeria,
Strategy,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
NSSP Workshop Report,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
The Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR) is updating Nigeria’s agricultural development strategy document to make it meet the requirement of evidence-based strategy formulation. In line with this goal, the FMAWR in collaboration with the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) organized a retreat to draft an update of the Nation’s Agricultural Strategy, otherwise known as the National Food Security Program Document.
The objectives of this workshop were to:
· provide a background for the agriculture strategy document,
PDF file:
nsspworkshopreport15.pdf(391.8KB)...
In
Nigeria,
Strategy,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
NSSP Workshop Report,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
The Federal Government of Nigeria, through the FMAWR, envisions improving its food security by facilitating equitable access, availability and affordability of quality foods to all Nigerian. This vision has become more important as global food prices have risen. Achieving this vision requires deliberate and sustained efforts to improve agricultural productivity growth through strategic investments in the input system: seeds, fertilizer, and irrigation.
PDF file:
nsspworkshopreport13.pdf(479.1KB)...
In
improved seed,
seed,
constraints,
Nigeria,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
NSSP Workshop Report,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
In line with the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR)’s vision of ensuring access, availability, and affordability of quality foods to all Nigerians and the objectives of the USAID Global Food Security Response Project of doubling agricultural productivity and removing constraints to movement of staple crops in Nigeria and beyond, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with the FMAWR, USAID MARKETS program, and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) is in the process of identifying development domains for different c
PDF file:
nsspworkshopreport14.pdf(374KB)...
In
GSSP,
development domains,
Nigeria,
Agriculture,
Nigeria Strategy Support Program,
NSSP,
NSSP Workshop Report,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
We investigate the extent in which northern Nigerian households engage in internal migration to insure against ex ante and ex post agricultural risk due to weather-related variability and shocks. We use data on the migration patterns of individuals over a 20-year period and temperature degree-days to identify agricultural risk. Controlling for ex ante and ex post risk, we find that households with higher ex ante risk are more likely to send migrants. Households facing hot shocks before the migrant’s move tend to keep their male migrants in closer proximity.
PDF file:
ifpridp01007.pdf(555.3KB)...
In
Migration,
Risk,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
Poverty, Health, and Nutrition,
PHND,
Gender and Assets,
GRP-42,
temperature degree days,
Nigeria,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
The CAADP is a commitment of African countries to pursue economic growth through agriculture-led development to reduce poverty and hunger on the continent. It stems from the failure of previous interventions on the continent largely attributed to their weak ownership. CAADP is expected to serve as a framework that adds value to national and regional strategies for the development of agriculture.
PDF file:
ifpridp01006.pdf(469.7KB)...
In
Participation,
Country Development Strategy,
Development strategies,
CAADP,
NEPAD,
values,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
Development Strategy and Governance,
DSGD,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
ghana,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
Uganda has experienced strong economic growth in recent years with GDP growth among the highest in Africa at an average annual rate of 7.2 percent from 2000-2008 (WDI, 2009). The most recent study by the World Bank shows that strong poverty reduction efforts have also halved poverty levels throughout the country since the early 1990’s, a commendable achievement considering the declines in world prices of key national exports.
PDF file:
usspwp05.pdf(881.9KB)...
In
Uganda,
Livestock,
crops,
USSP Background Paper,
USSP,
agricultural enterprise,
Country Development Strategy,
Agriculture,
GRP-32,
East Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA
We investigate gender differences in agricultural productivity using data collected in 2005 from Nigeria and in 2003 from Uganda. Results indicate that lower productivity is persistent from female-owned plots and female-headed households, accounting for a range of socioeconomic variables, agricultural inputs, and crop choices using multivariate Tobit models. These results are robust to the inclusion of household-level unobservables.
PDF file:
ifpridp01003.pdf(1.1MB)...
In
Gender,
Agricultural productivity,
Uganda,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
Poverty, Health, and Nutrition,
PHND,
Gender and Assets,
GRP-42,
Nigeria,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
East Africa,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
How research contributes to the policy process in developing countries in general, and in Nigeria more specifically, is not well understood. Yet such understanding is a critical part of doing effective policy research. This has become especially critical for the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), which has set up a country office for policy research in Nigeria. A key challenge for IFPRI, and other research organizations in the country, is how to better integrate research results into policy and communicate research results to Nigerian policymakers.
Mapping the policy process in Nigeria
PDF file: ...
In
Fertilizer,
Net-Map,
policy processes,
Social network analysis,
Country Development Strategy,
Development strategies,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
Development Strategy and Governance,
DSGD,
Nigeria,
GRP-32,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
In much of rural Africa, high transaction costs limit farmers’ market participation and thus their potential for income growth. Transaction costs can affect not only whether a farmer sells product but also whether sales occur at the farm gate on at a market. If production behavior is related to a chosen sales location, then analysis of interventions can be improved by explicit consideration of the decision of where to sell.
PDF file:
ifpridp00999.pdf(857.4KB)...
In
agricultural supply response,
dual-criteria,
sales location,
Transaction costs,
Country Development Strategy,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
Development Strategy and Governance,
DSGD,
GRP-32,
Benin,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English
With the beginning of the new millennium and the increasing concerns with regard to wild privatization reforms, African governments, international donors and development scholars have been showing renewed interest in collective action. As a result, farmer-based organization (FBOs) and agricultural cooperatives (agri–coops) are back on the policy agenda for Africa as a preferential means to achieve a more equitable, inclusive and community-driven development of rural areas.
PDF file:
ifpridp00998.pdf(580.7KB)...
In
Governance,
Reviews,
collective action,
GRP-37,
Governance and Policy Processes,
agricultural cooperatives,
farmer-based organizations,
IFPRI Discussion Paper,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA,
ghana,
Africa,
West Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
Knowledge, Capacity, and Innovation,
KCID
The recognition that the HIV/AIDS epidemic is a major threat to sub Saharan Africa’s economic development has prompted researchers to focus on the economic impacts of the disease. In particular, given the importance of agriculture for livelihoods in sub Saharan Africa (SSA), researchers have investigated the impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture. Relatively little research has focused on the role agriculture plays in fueling the spread of HIV/AIDS. This study addresses this gap in the literature and examines how agricultural contexts in Kenya influence women’s vulnerability to HIV/AIDS.
PDF file:
kenyawomen.pdf(474.7KB)...
In
women,
HIV/AIDS,
impacts,
HIV/AIDS and Food Security,
Gender,
Agriculture,
renewal,
GRP-33,
RENEWAL Working Paper,
kenya,
East Africa,
Africa,
IFPRI-1,
English,
AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA