By Sharon Hoyer
There probably isn’t a single issue of sustainability and health that consistently strikes as passionate a chord as the production, distribution and preparation of food. It makes sense—what we take into our bodies is a very tangible part of our constitution; if we truly are what we eat, than what we choose to eat sends a powerful message about our relationship with the world.
Perhaps this is why the food movement so successfully unites people from all hues of the political spectrum. Case in point: the cover of last month’s American Conservative was a treatise on how food movements like Locavorism and Slow Food exemplify conservative values.
In "Food for Thought," John Schwenkler makes the case that good food—food unmitigated by government subsidies and...

Columbia Professor Dickson Despommier has generated a fair amount of attention with his concept for "vertical farms," stacked, self-contained urban biosystems that would -- theoretically -- supply fresh produce for city residents year round. The New York Times showcased outlandish artists' conceptions of what such farms might look like. Colbert did his shtick. Twelve pilot projects are supposedly under consideration, in locations as far-flung as China and Dubai.
The concept has captured the imagination of at least the sliver of the public (including the editors at Worldchanging), who laments the enormous resource demands of our food production system and yearns for something easier on the land, easier on our aquifers, and less demanding of fossil fuels. Vertical farms seem to...

British opposition to genetically modified crops is on the rise, prompting security concerns at research laboratories across the country.
Nearly all 54 U.K. pesticide-resistant crop trials attempted in the past eight years have been attacked, according to media reports. Protesters are destroying the experimental crops to prevent biotechnology companies from spreading genetically modified organisms (GMOs) more widely in Europe and the developing world.
As protests become more fierce in the United Kingdom and more accepted in other parts of the world, this mounting attention highlights stark differences in the acceptance of GMOs.
The research sites are the latest battlefield in the fight over GM crops. The biotechnology industry and several government leaders say the crops may...

Dell, Jones and Olken say we can already see that higher temperatures reduce growth by more in poorer countries:
This paper uses annual variation in temperature and precipitation over the past 50 years to examine the impact of climatic changes on economic activity throughout the world. We find three primary results. First, higher temperatures substantially reduce economic growth in poor countries but have little effect in rich countries. Second, higher temperatures appear to reduce growth rates in poor countries, rather than just the level of output. Third, higher temperatures have wide-ranging effects in poor nations, reducing agricultural output, industrial output, and aggregate investment, and increasing political instability. Analysis of decade or longer climate shifts also shows...

Earlier this week, on a spring day in April, John Stubblefield walked past the blue tanks of striped bass, Atlantic sea bream, and cobia stored inside a Baltimore, Maryland, laboratory. "In this tank, it's spring in May. This tank it's spring in September," he said.
At the University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute's Center for Marine Biotechnology, Stubblefield and his fellow researchers are not only altering nature, they are creating what may be the next generation of seafood.
The experiment uses city-supplied water and a complex microbial filtration system to raise a few hundred fish completely indoors. Yonathan Zohar, the center's director and the study's leader, said it is the first indoor marine aquaculture system that can re-circulate nearly all of its water and...
By Ben Block
A commission of international agriculture experts unveiled a series of reports on Wednesday calling for an end to "business-as-usual" farming practices to avoid widespread environmental degradation and increasing food scarcity.
The group of more than 400 experts, known as the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), concluded through its global and regional studies that governments and industries need to discontinue environmentally damaging farming methods. Farmers should have greater access to agricultural technology and science, especially in the developing world, to ensure productivity increases without further environmental degradation, the reports say.
The commission's conclusions come during one of...
This post at Foreign Policy quotes an old remark by Tyler Cowen to the effect that
The more globalized parts of Mexico — most of all the north — have done extremely well since NAFTA passed. The biggest problems remain in the least globalized parts, most of all the south and big chunks of the interior.
One hears this kind of thing a lot, and I think it’s pretty silly. For one thing, if NAFTA opened up Mexico to imports of very cheap (thanks to US government subsidies) corn and these imports undermined the market for corn produced in the South - doesn’t that mean the South is feeling negative effects from globalization? Or are we only meant to ascribe positive effects to globalization? And since I thought we were meant to be down on methodological nationalism...

We've written a lot about getting your food in cities in, well, unconventional manners: forget urban farming, we're talking about engaging in urban foraging and guerrilla gardening, harvesting free fruit or taking up the 100 yard diet.
For me, the value of these ideas is less that they offer practical tools for filling dietary needs (though local food is, by and large, a good idea), than that they offer provocative insight into the cultural distances we've created between ourselves and the sources of our sustenance.
But a couple friends of mine have kept ribbing me about meat: where's the protein in the diet of urban omnivores?
So, for their sake, I offer two pieces full of insight, from right here in Seattle and up the road in Vancouver:
The 100-Mile-an-Hour Diet:
A car isn't...
As the kind of kid who grew up listening to my parents playing whale-song records and getting driven around in a car with a "save the whales" bumpersticker, my attitude towards subsistence whale-hunting is, to say the least, ambivalent.
On the one hand, I think it's time we left the whales the fuck alone.
On the other, I recognize that for some groups of native peoples, the whale hunt is vital to survival, and their relatively sustainable hunts have essentially nothing to do with the worldwide collapse of whale populations.
So Worldchanging ally Jonathan Harris could not have touched a more sensitive nerve with his latest project, The Whale Hunt. As he says,
In May 2007, I spent nine days living with a family of Inupiat Eskimos in Barrow, Alaska, the northernmost settlement in...
As scientists continue to debate the connection between climate change and natural disasters, 2007 has been an active year for extreme weather. Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced multiple natural disasters in recent months, affecting key economic sectors including food and cash crop production. From drought-ruined potato crops in Bolivia to the ravages of Hurricane Felix in Honduras and Guatemala, large-scale disasters often disrupt, if not destroy, food security, particularly for the poor. According to Ali Gurkan, head of the Food Outlook programme of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), "Any unforeseen flood or crisis can make prices rise very quickly. I do not think we should panic but we should be very careful about what may happen." Consider...
If you're looking for an excuse to enjoy chocolate (and organic, Fair Trade, or contributions to good works aren't enough), seek no further: the cacao tree can help fight climate disruption. Seems that in eastern Brazil, there's a cacao plantation that's being maintained as a multi-canopied rainforest, creating a valuable agricultural crop while also maintaining the rainforest's ability to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. As reported by Joanne Silberner on National Public Radio, Dario Ahnert, a plant expert at the State University of Santa Cruz in Eastern Brazil...says farmers need an incentive to save the remaining forest, and he hopes chocolate will be that incentive. Chocolate used to be a huge industry here, but in the past two decades, plant disease and low prices...
Agribusiness updates like the nearly 50-year-old National Farm Report are a broadcasting tradition. Now here's an update for the 21st century: a sustainable agriculture podcast called "Green ACRE Radio -- Bringing you the Agricultural, Conservation, Resource, and Environmental information you need," which you can download from kbcs.fm. Recent episodes cover urban edge farming and indigenous animals and plants.
(Thanks, Tim!)
(more)
(Posted by Emily Gertz in Food and Farming at 12:01 PM)...
Over at Gristmill, Tom Philpott has written an excellent piece analyzing the potential impact of the merger of Whole Foods, the already-large U.S. retailer focused on natural and organic foods, with the chain Wild Oats. Whole Foods already operates 188 stores; once it has completed the merger and rebranding of Wild Oats stores, it will grow to 258. And according to one firm that observes the growth of organics and advises companies on getting in on the action, the company plans to run over 300 supermarkets by 2010. On the one hand, the growth of the Whole Foods chain probably means that more people will have access to quality foods at a variety of price points (yes, it's nicknamed "Whole Paycheck" for a reason -- but Whole Foods also provides have a good selection of store-branded...
Although eco-couture and all-green home design are fun, and worthy of admiration, they're green goods that are likely to be largely out of reach for many average Americans for some time to come: there are plenty of people who find it difficult, if at all possible, to shell out extra dollars for products that are more environmentally sustainable, or healthier. With that in mind, apparently, (and no doubt with the knowledge that organic foods are taking up a lot more shelf space in even the average supermarket these days), Tara Parker-Pope of the "Well" blog of The New York Times has suggested five foods that families should buy organic, in order to significantly increase the percentage of organic foods that they're eating without taking a big hit in the wallet. They're basically foods...
October 18, afternoon -- Pop!Tech session two is about to start, and I'm pumped. As you'll see from the schedule, the speakers in session two (Jessica Flannery, Paul Polak, and Adrian Bowyer) are probably the most apropos for our "base of the pyramid" audience here at NextBillion.net. Not only that, but Pop!Tech curator Andrew Zolli just mentioned the "bottom of the pyramid" concept and The Next 4 Billion in particular. I'm thrilled! Jessica Flannery is the first to present - and starts her presentation with a video excerpt from Oprah about the Kiva.org model. Of course, Kiva.org is nothing new to the NextBillion.net community - former NextBillion.net staff writer Alex Bloom actually "broke" the story of Kiva back in 2005, and Sara Standish...
I only recently discovered the blog being written by City Farmer, aka Novella Carpenter of Oakland, Calif. Farmers who Write, and for that matter Writers Who Farm, are not new phenomena, or even particularly fringy (ex: Wendell Berry, one of the most acclaimed of American authors), but Carpenter has a lot going for her: she's unpretentious, enthusiastic, and in the vanguard of the growing trend of urbanist agriculture.
And then there's the sheer entertainment value:
Bill's at the Mekons show tonight. I was supposed to meet up with a potential housesitter (we're going out of town for the month of November--but who's going to take care of the animals?!!)...Lots to report on the farm. Here are the turkeys just before going to sleep. They're getting large. Edible. They follow me into...
The debate between techno-utopians and more traditional community and farm advocates on how to achieve true agricultural sustainability is about as contentious as the one about whether meat-eaters can really be environmentalists. Freeman Dyson flew the banner of tech positivism in a recent issue of The New York Review Books with "Our Biotech Future," and now one of America's most respected and eloquent voices for respecting the land, Wendell Berry, has replied in the letters column. He writes in part, ...Mr. Dyson sees high technology as "marching from triumph to triumph with the advent of personal computers and GPS receivers and digital cameras," and he foretells the coming of a "domesticated" biotechnology that will become the plaything and art form of "housewives and children,"...
Admitting that he loves "poking the hornet's nest," Gristmill's Dave Roberts takes a look at a big ol' controversy swirling around recent statement by Matt Prescott, a spokesperson for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) that "you just cannot be a meat-eating environmentalist." PETA and allies are currently running a campaign to convey how much raising animals for consumption is contributing to global warming. Dave observes, and I concur, that this campaign succeeds on its own terms, by getting some public attention on environmental toll of massive-scale animal husbandry. But what I really enjoyed about this Gristmill post -- and why you should go read it -- is how effectively Dave unpacks a particular trunk of old school deep green dualism: Is it true that you cannot...

Earlier this year, we were asked to come up with an idea for a design conference that presented a solution around the theme of food. The problem we chose to address was climate change -- specifically the impact of climate change on agriculture. Our solution was an imagined organization that would offer online resources, network-building tools and seeds to farmers who needed to adapt their practices as their land changed due to warming. It was a fictional concept, envisioned as something that might exist a decade from now, but the predictions and speculations it was based on are real and already exist, developed in response to current environmental trends. And there are real organizations out there already establishing resource banks, collecting citizen observations, and setting in...

Farmers typically live modest, if not downright poor lives, working unforgiving swathes of land to earn their keep and fill their plates. We romanticize the farm life from the fast-paced and crowded vantage point of the modern city, but the romance only goes so far. The reality of ceaseless hard labor and unpredictable profits makes a stable office job nice and comfy, which is why farmers have been moving cityward for ages, leaving the agricultural life behind and seeking more lucrative occupations. True, there's been a resurgence of interest and enthusiasm for urban farming, but the reason for starting and maintaining urban farms still generally have more to do with either health benefits, gourmet cachet or plain survival, than with an entrepreneurial opportunity. Except, maybe, in...

Nothing is more personal than food. It forces us to make decisions every day that have real and immediate impact, which means learning about what we're eating and figuring out how to make good choices is essential. As environmental issues move to the forefront of public consciousness, the meaning of a good choice doesn't just have to do with a food pyramid or a nutrition label, but with knowing where your food came from, how it got to you, and who was involved in that process. Food is one of the primary subjects with which we deal when talking about backstory, since it's one of the most accessible means of understanding the life of an item prior to its arrival in your hand. In many ways, food is also one of the best and easiest places to push for a change in that backstory, whether...

In the Northeast England town of Middlesbrough, a summer-long community project is about to ensue, during which over 1,000 town citizens will demonstrate the potential for a self-sustaining food supply through small-scale urban agriculture. The project is a part of dott07 (of which Worldchanging ally, John Thackara is Program Director ), a year-long series of community projects, events and exhibitions focused on achieving regional sustainability and exploring how design plays a part in the process. The Urban Farming component employs design through a collection of garden containers of various sizes placed throughout Middlesbrough, which effectively install an edible landscape in the town's public spaces. That landscape also becomes interactive and encourages community engagement as...

Most of the time when we think of Fair Trade products, we think of supporting small farmers outside the US who struggle to earn livable wages and to receive adequate payment for their goods. But a coalition of farmers in the Midwest wants to encourage the same kind of committed support we give to imported Fair Trade products for goods farmed domestically. Wholesome Harvest raises organic meat on a network of forty farms throughout the Midwest and sells it in supermarkets (and online) through processors who've been approved by their members. The goal is to provide absolute traceability, transparency and access to backstory for their customers -- a particularly important set of values in the meat industry, where bacterial contamination is more common than in produce, and often can't be...

by Worldchanging Los Angeles local blogger Jennifer Murphy Last week we adopted two more chickens from Path to Freedom. We've had backyard chickens for almost three years now. It's been a rewarding experience. They are easy, entertaining and inexpensive to keep. Like home-grown vegetables, home-raised chickens connect our family to the cycles of the earth, make us more self-sufficient, and provide delicious healthy eggs for the table. As homeschoolers, we've found many learning opportunities arising from these feathery friends running around the yard. We got our original chickens from Path to Freedom too. Those two were in need of a home after being raised by the school next door as a science project. Now the Dervaes are hatching and raising chicks themselves to sell as part of their...

A group of computer scientists and economic geographers in the UK put their heads together over the last few months to address a challenge in food systems design. As they see it, the Fair Trade movement faces obstacles to widespread adoption due to an ongoing divide between Northern consumers and Southern producers, as well as a lack of direct, specific information for customers about particular products. Their Fair Tracing Project proposes to enhance the growth of equitable global trade systems by adding digital tracing technology to individual items so that they can be tracked, and their stories recorded, as they move from farm to table. At each stage of the product’s journey, information may be added and/or edited and, if the information is stored digitally on the internet, may...

For better or worse, most people acquire eating habits as kids that remain ingrained into adulthood. Of course plenty of you out there grew up on Doritos and now live on sprouts, but the majority tend to stick with what we know. Therefore, the best way to create a healthy adult is to teach a kid to eat right. At Doors of Perception this week, we've been focused on addressing food issues through design. One great project we learned about is Kinderkookkafé, an eatery in Amsterdam where food is cooked and served by children. Debra Solomon told us about Kinderkookkafé by sharing a dining experience from the previous week, when her friend, 2.5-year-old Tula, invited her to lunch. Tula prepared a meal for Debra all by herself, having learned cutting and cooking techniques from her adult...

by Worldchanging SF local editor, Matthew Waxman: Roots of Change, “collaboratively and systemically” working to create a sustainable California food and farming system by 2030, recently launched a statewide campaign to make the vision a reality: “Our Common Vision.” The campaign has started with seven meetings across California. Meetings are open to everyone -– whether you’re a “foodie,” a food systems manager, a farmer or grower, a restaurant operator, or just someone who likes to eat food. The fifth “Our Common Vision” meeting is tomorrow, March 2nd, in San Francisco, from 1:00-4:00pm at Nextcourse, One Fort Mason. It’s recommended participants arrive 30 minutes early. And though this is a last minute notice, those wishing to attend should still RSVP (scroll...

Anna Lappé attends the first international Forum on Food Sovereignty in Mali. With more than 600 participants from 98 countries, the meeting will gather some of the most important social movements working for food rights global. If you’ve ever heard the myths that all Africans are hungry for genetically modified foods, that U.S. food aid has unilaterally helped small farmers around the world, or that indigenous farming and fishing practices couldn’t possibly provide enough food to feed the peoples in developing countries, you have heard different stories than those of the farmers, pastoralists, and fisherfolk gathered here in Mali this week. I’m writing this missive from the very dusty outpost of the foreign journalist and communications team for the mostly volunteer-led...

Does local food matter to sustainability? Ethan, in his post on food miles, asks some provocative questions about whether the carbon footprint of food raised in distant countries is really as bad or even as important as local food advocates claim. He makes some good points, and draws to our attention some interesting new research which may show that the environmental impacts of food shipment are a very small portion of the overall ecological footprint of the food we eat. In particular, one New Zealand study (PDF) has drawn a lot of attention by making a strong case for NZ lamb being less energy intensive than European lamb, even after the transportation impacts were included. This may not be the best example from which to take larger conclusions. For one thing, as I've written...

A few years ago, as Alex Steffen and I were getting to know each other, we both attended the Pop!Tech conference in Camden, Maine. One of the speakers had circulated yellow and green plastic cards to the audience, and asked us to vote on various propositions by holding up one card or another. The questions were meant to be divisive and ethically difficult. One asked whether we thought it was justifiable to introduce Nile Perch into Lake Victoria, likely unbalancing the ecosystem, but providing much-needed protein for local fishermen. I put up a yellow card to indicate that I thought it was justifiable and caught Alex looking at me, green card in his hand. We raised eyebrows at one another and went on to the next question. There are a lot of situations where environmentalists and...